Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | generation of ATE1-/- deletion mice. Genotyping of litter embryos at E14.5 retrieved from the ATE+/- intercross reveals no live homozygous mutants, indicating that the deletion of the ATE1 gene is lethal at midgestation. Defective neuronal-cell proliferation in the ATE1-null embryonic brain, overview | Mus musculus |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-arginyl-tRNAArg + protein | Mus musculus | - |
tRNAArg + L-arginyl-[protein] | - |
? | |
L-arginyl-tRNAArg + protein | Mus musculus 129SvEv/C57BL/6 | - |
tRNAArg + L-arginyl-[protein] | - |
? | |
L-arginyl-tRNAArg + RGS4 protein | Mus musculus | - |
tRNAArg + L-arginyl-[RGS4 protein] | - |
? | |
L-arginyl-tRNAArg + RGS4 protein | Mus musculus 129SvEv/C57BL/6 | - |
tRNAArg + L-arginyl-[RGS4 protein] | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Mus musculus | Q9Z2A5 | - |
- |
Mus musculus 129SvEv/C57BL/6 | Q9Z2A5 | - |
- |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
brain | - |
Mus musculus | - |
central nervous system | - |
Mus musculus | - |
embryo | - |
Mus musculus | - |
fibroblast | MEFs | Mus musculus | - |
heart | - |
Mus musculus | - |
additional information | expression of ATE1 is prominent in the developing brain and spinal cord, and this pattern overlaps with the migration path of neural stem cells | Mus musculus | - |
spinal cord | - |
Mus musculus | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-arginyl-tRNAArg + protein | - |
Mus musculus | tRNAArg + L-arginyl-[protein] | - |
? | |
L-arginyl-tRNAArg + protein | - |
Mus musculus 129SvEv/C57BL/6 | tRNAArg + L-arginyl-[protein] | - |
? | |
L-arginyl-tRNAArg + RGS4 protein | - |
Mus musculus | tRNAArg + L-arginyl-[RGS4 protein] | - |
? | |
L-arginyl-tRNAArg + RGS4 protein | - |
Mus musculus 129SvEv/C57BL/6 | tRNAArg + L-arginyl-[RGS4 protein] | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
Arg-transferase | - |
Mus musculus |
Arg-tRNA-protein transferase | - |
Mus musculus |
Ate1 | - |
Mus musculus |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
evolution | ATE1 Arg-transferase is an evolutionarily conserved protein present in all eukaryotes from fungi to animals | Mus musculus |
malfunction | ATE1-null mice show severe intracerebral hemorrhages and cystic space near the neural tubes. The ATE1-/- brain shows defective G-protein signaling. Reduced mitosis in ATE1-/- neuroepithelium and a significantly higher nitric oxide concentration in ATE1-/- brain are observed. In ATE1-null murine embryos, neural-tube genesis is severely defective, and this problem may be the primary cause of embryonic mortality of the mutant mice. ATE1 expression is more prominent in the embryonic brain and spinal cord than in the heart. ATE1-null embryonic brain shows stabilized regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins, defective G protein signaling, and a higher concentration of NO. Proliferation of ATE1-/- neuroepithelial cells in the developing primary neural tube is significantly impaired. Stabilized RGS proteins in ATE1-null mice and reduced activities of downstream effectors, overview | Mus musculus |
metabolism | the arginylation branch of the N-end rule pathway is a ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic system in which post-translational conjugation of Arg by ATE1-encoded Arg-tRNA-protein transferase to N-terminal Asp, Glu, or oxidized Cys residues generates essential degradation signals | Mus musculus |
physiological function | ATE1 Arg-transferase is the key enzyme in the Arg/N-end rule pathway. ATE1 is required for degradation of regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins and GPCR signaling, regulation, overview. Essential role of N-terminal arginylation in neural tube development. The crucial role of ATE1 in neural tube development is directly related to proper turn-over of the RGS4 protein, which participate in the oxygen-sensing mechanism in the cells. Degradation of the RGS4 protein by ATE1 is closely associated with the migration or differentiation of neural crest cells during embryogenesis. Neural crest cells migrate into the heart and vessels | Mus musculus |